Independent Variable- whatever is being manipulated in the experiment
Dependent Variable- whatever is being measured in the experiment
Confounding Variable- anything that could cause a change in B that is not A; an extra variable
Hawthorne Effect- knowing you are in an experiment changes the results
Operational Definition
- explains what is meant in the hypothesis
- will the variables be measured in "real life" terms?
Sampling- identify the subject population; must be representative of the population you want to study
Experimental Method- attempting to prove casual relationships; Cause = Effect
Correlational Method- expresses a relationship between two variables; does not show causation
- Positive Correlation- variables go in the same direction
- Negative Correlation- variables go in opposite directions
Survey Method- most common type of study in psychology and measures correlation
- cheap and fast
- needs a good random sample
Naturalistic Observation- watching subjects in their natural environment ,but does not manipulate the environment
Correlation Coefficient- number that measures strength of relationship; range is from -1 to 1; relationship gets weaker the closer it is to zero
Case Studies- detailed study of one or a few subjects; great story but just descriptive research; does not give correlation data
Statistics- recording results from studies
- common language is needed for understanding
- Descriptive Statistics- describes sets of data
- Range- distance from highest value to lowest value
Standard Deviation- variance of scores around the mean; higher variance = more distribution spread
Z Scores- unit that measures the distance of one score from the mean
- + = above the mean
- - = below the mean
Ethical Guidelines For Research
Animal Research
- must have a clear purpose
- must be treated in humane way
- must acquire animals legally
- least amount of suffering possible
Human Research
- no coercion, must be voluntary
- informed consent
- anonymity
- no significant risk
- must debrief
I like how your notes were short and straight to the point but I would probably add more examples and highlight key ideas and important things to know. Especially about the different research methods
ReplyDeleteI would not think that some of the stuff in sociology would be shared with psychology. Now I can confirm it does.
ReplyDeleteIs the correlation all method an actual experimentation method or simply research? And what can you use it for precisely?
ReplyDelete